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This winter, cases of norovirus, commonly known as the “stomach flu,” have surged in parts of the United States. According to recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there were 91 outbreaks reported during the first week of December 2024, marking the highest numbers recorded during this time in over a decade.
What is Norovirus?
Norovirus is the leading cause of foodborne illnesses in the U.S., responsible for approximately 58% of such cases annually. It spreads easily, with as few as 10 viral particles capable of infecting a person. Outbreaks often occur in settings where people are in close proximity, such as nursing homes, cruise ships, schools, and prisons.
Symptoms of Norovirus Infection
Symptoms of a norovirus infection typically appear 12 to 48 hours after exposure and include:
- Sudden vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Stomach pain
- Body aches
- Headache
- Fever
Most people recover within one to three days, but the virus can cause severe dehydration, especially in vulnerable groups like young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
Why Are Cases Increasing?
Experts suggest that increased gatherings during the holiday season, after years of reduced social interactions due to the pandemic, might be driving the rise in cases. Norovirus outbreaks are more common from November to April, peaking in February.
How Does Norovirus Spread?
The virus spreads through:
- Direct contact with an infected person.
- Consuming contaminated food or water.
- Touching surfaces or objects contaminated with the virus.
Who is at Risk?
While anyone can contract norovirus, certain groups are at higher risk, including:
- Young children
- Elderly individuals
- Those with weakened immune systems
Dehydration is a major concern. Symptoms of dehydration include:
- Reduced urination
- Dry mouth and throat
- Dizziness, especially when standing
- Unusually sleepy or fussy behavior in children
How Can You Protect Yourself?
The best defense against norovirus is prevention. Follow these steps:
- Practice Good Hygiene: Wash hands with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds, especially before eating or preparing food.
- Disinfect Surfaces: Use household disinfectants to scrub contaminated surfaces.
- Avoid Contaminated Food and Water: Ensure food is properly cooked and water sources are clean.
- Stay Home When Sick: Prevent spreading the virus by isolating yourself during illness and avoiding preparation of food for others.
When to Seek Medical Attention
If symptoms of dehydration occur, such as decreased urination or severe dizziness, seek medical care immediately. Young children with reduced tears or unusual fussiness should also be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
This article highlights key facts about norovirus and offers practical advice for protecting yourself and others during this outbreak season. Stay informed and take precautions to reduce the spread of this highly contagious virus.
